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Traces of the past in Andalusia
by Francisco Javier Palaz�n
Andalusia not only boasts splendid beaches, excellent monuments and a terrific cuisine, it also has a long and distinguished history that has been preserved in its many sites of archaeological interest. Below is a list of the best archaeological sites and museums to visit in each of the Andalusian provinces.

Almeria
- Los Millares
This is considered the most important Bronze Age site in Europe. It has a walled enclosure, 90 tombs, defensive bastions, bunkers and bronze smelters.
Place: Santa Fe de Mond�jar.
- Archaeological Museum
Houses items that date from pre-historical times to the Muslim age.
Place: Almeria.
- Cueva de los Letreros
A prehistoric cave that boasts an impressive set of cave paintings.
Place: V�lez-Blanco.
- Aljibes �rabes (Arab Cisterns)
Built in the 12th century, the cisterns date back to the Taifa period and served as the city's water supply. They are divided into three naves with characteristic vaults and brick arches.
Place: Almer�a.

Cadiz
- Baelo Claudia Archaeological Complex
One of the best known examples of Roman urban planning. When the first excavations began in the Bolonia area in 1917, the investigators discovered a genuinely prosperous city, constructed according to the classic canons of Rome, and conforming to a perfectly planned and rational urban project. Some buildings are from the Augustus era, but most were built under the rule of Claudius. These beach-front Roman ruins are visited by thousands of tourist all year round, especially in summer months.
Place: Tarifa.
- Archaeological Museum
The objects are displayed on nine floors in chronological and cultural order with materials that mostly date from the province of Jerez. Palaeolithic and Neolithic remains can be seen along with bronze-age collections (above all the Greek helmet from the 7th century B.C.) and other items from the Roman Visigoth period.
Place: Jerez de la Frontera.
- Municipal Archaeological Museum
Mainly houses archaeological remains form excavations that have taken place in the Castillo de Do�a Blanca where an 8th-9th century B.C. settlement was found, as well as Palaeolithic remains.
Place: Puerto de Santa Mar�a.
- Ba�os Merin�es (Merin Baths)
In the summer of 1996 the remains of the Ba�os Reales Merin�es (Royal Merin Baths) or Hamman dating back to the 13th and 14th centuries were discovered. Following their archaeological excavation, they were moved to Mar�a Cristina park. The well was completed with the construction of a water-wheel, a replica of a 13th century original. You can now see material related to domestic hygiene, water wheel scoops and other items discovered in the baths can be found in Room 4 of the Municipal Museum.
Place: Algeciras.

Cordoba
- Archaeological Museum
Roman mosaics, Visigoth remains, an important collection of Arab art, mudejar coins and other items convert this museum into one of the most important of its kind.
Place: Cordoba.
- Cueva de los Murci�lagos (Bat Cave)
A once inhabited cave where Neolithic remains, as well ceramics and cave paintings were found.
Place: Zuheros.

Granada
- Archaeological Museum
Houses numerous archaeological remains, including Iberian sculpture from the 3rd to 4th centuries B.C.
Place: Baza.
- Cueva de las Ventanas (Cave of Windows)
A journey through this cave shaped by the movement of water over a period of thousands of years provides the visitor with an opportunity to see a hyena den, a Neolithic burial ground and different reproductions of the prehistoric habitat.
Place: Pi�ar.
- Ruta de los D�lmenes (Route of the Dolmens)
The megalithic sepulchres (dolmens) of Gorafe make up one of the most important funerary complexes in Andalusia, and, for that matter, Europe. The prehistoric remains date back to the end of the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. Surrounded by impressive scenery, over 30 of the 270 dolmens that make up the route have so far been restored.
Place: Gorafe.

Huelva
- Provincial Archaeological Museum
Its galleries house archaeological remains found in the province, dating back to various prehistoric periods. The collection of Romanesque sculpture is also not to be missed.
Place: Huelva.

Malaga
- Cueva de la Pileta (Cave of the Basin)
A genuine treasure trove of cave paintings dating back to the Palaeolithic and Neolithic Ages.
Place: Ronda.
-�Roman Ruins of Acinipo
This is the most important Roman site in the Ronda mountains.
Place: Ronda.

Seville
- Archaeological Museum

The 27 rooms of this museum are a perfect insight into the diverse populations and cultures that have forged the history of Andalusia. The pick of the collection are the statue of Hermes, one of the best examples of Classical art found in Spain and an exact copy of the treasure of Carambolo, a key item in the history of Tartessous.
Place: Sevilla.
- Archaeological Complex of It�lica
Cradle of the emperors Trajan and Adrian, the Roman settlement of It�lica boasts a splendid amphitheatre, roads, houses, public buildings and everyday items used by its inhabitants. Place:� Santiponce.
- Archaeological Complex of Carmona
Discovered in the 19th century, this site includes a well-preserved necropolis dating back to the 1st and 2nd centuries. The best preserved of the tombs are those of the Elephant and Servilia.
Place: Carmona.

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